Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus, often referred to simply as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. This can result from insufficient insulin production, ineffective use of insulin, or both.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that allows cells to absorb glucose from the blood for energy. When the normal insulin-glucose balance is disrupted, it leads to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), which can have long-term complications.

Common Symptoms of Diabetes:

• Frequent Urination (Polyuria): Excessive urination, especially at night.
• Increased Thirst (Polydipsia): Persistent feeling of being thirsty.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Despite eating well, there may be unintended weight loss.
• Increased Hunger (Polyphagia): Persistent hunger, even after eating.
• Fatigue: Lack of energy and persistent tiredness.
• Blurred Vision: Changes in vision, often due to changes in fluid levels in the eye.
• Slow Wound Healing: Cuts and sores take longer to heal.
• Frequent Infections: Increased susceptibility to infections.

Diagnosis:

• Fasting Blood Sugar Test: Measures blood sugar levels after an overnight fast.
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Measures blood sugar levels after fasting and again two hours after consuming a glucose-rich drink.
• Hemoglobin A1c Test: Reflects average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months.

Prevention:

• Healthy Lifestyle: Maintain a healthy diet, engage in regular physical activity, and manage stress.
• Regular Check-ups: Regular health check-ups to monitor blood sugar levels and assess overall health.
• Weight Management: Achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
• Avoid Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of complications in individuals with diabetes.